DevOps

High-Level AKS Workflow User/DevOps Engineer interaction You use kubectl , Azure CLI, Terraform, or the Azure Portal to submit a request (e.g., deploy a pod, scale replicas, expose a service). The request goes to the Kubernetes API Server (running in the AKS control plane). Control Plane Processing API Server validates the request and stores the desired state in etcd (the cluster database). Scheduler checks for available resources (CPU, memory, taints, affinities) across worker nodes and decides where to place the pod. Controller Manager ensures the cluster continuously matches the desired state. Example: If you ask for 5 replicas but only 3 exist, it will create 2 more. Worker Node Execution The Kubelet on the chosen worker node receives instructions from the API server. Container Runtime (containerd) pulls the required container image (from ACR, Docker Hub, etc.) and runs the container inside a pod . Kube-proxy updates networking rules...

 AKS is a managed Kubernetes service in Azure where Microsoft manages the control plane and you (the customer) manage the worker nodes and workloads . At a high level, it consists of: Control Plane (Master Components) – managed by Azure. Worker Nodes (Agent Nodes) – managed by you (inside your subscription). Supporting Azure Resources – networking, storage, monitoring, identity, etc. 🔹 1. Control Plane (Managed by Azure) This is the brain of the cluster, hosted and managed by Azure. You don’t pay directly for the control plane; it’s included in the service. Key components: API Server – entry point for kubectl, Azure CLI, and Azure portal requests. etcd – distributed key-value store to keep cluster state (pods, secrets, config, etc.). Scheduler – places pods on the right worker nodes based on resources/constraints. Controller Manager – ensures the desired state matches actual state (e.g., replicas). Cloud Controller Manager – integrates Kub...

  🔹 1. Kubernetes Basics  Q1. What is Kubernetes? 👉 Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform that automates deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. It ensures high availability, load balancing, and self-healing of workloads. Q2. What is a Pod in Kubernetes? 👉 A Pod is the smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes. It can contain one or more containers that share the same network namespace and storage. Example: A pod with a web app + sidecar logging container. Q3. What are ReplicaSets? 👉 ReplicaSets ensure a specified number of pod replicas are running at all times. If a pod fails, the ReplicaSet creates a new one automatically. kubectl scale rs myapp-rs --replicas=5 Q4. What is a Deployment in Kubernetes? 👉 A Deployment is a higher-level abstraction that manages ReplicaSets and provides rolling updates and rollbacks. Example: Updating app versions with zero downtime. Q5. What is a StatefulSet? How is it different ...

  🔹 Section 1: Basics  1. What is Azure Monitor? Azure Monitor is a cloud-native monitoring service that collects, analyzes, and responds to telemetry data (metrics, logs, traces) from Azure resources, apps, and infrastructure. It helps improve performance, reliability, and availability. 2. Why do we need Azure Monitor? Because it gives end-to-end visibility into applications, infrastructure, and network in one place. It helps detect problems early, troubleshoot quickly, and optimize performance. 3. What types of data does Azure Monitor collect? Metrics (numerical performance data, e.g., CPU %, memory usage) Logs (events, errors, traces) Traces (application diagnostics) Alerts (triggered notifications) 4. What are the main components of Azure Monitor? Metrics Explorer Log Analytics Application Insights Alerts & Action Groups Workbooks & Dashboards 5. What is the difference between Metrics and Logs? Metrics : Lightweight num...

  Top 20 Docker Interview FAQs What is Docker, and how is it different from a virtual machine? Explain the architecture of Docker (Client, Daemon, Images, Containers, Registries). What is the difference between a Docker image and a Docker container? How do you create a Docker image? What are best practices for writing a Dockerfile? What is the difference between CMD and ENTRYPOINT in a Dockerfile? What are Docker volumes, and how do they differ from bind mounts? How do you persist data in Docker containers? What is the difference between Docker Compose and Docker Swarm? How does Docker handle networking? Explain different network drivers (bridge, host, overlay). How do you share environment variables and secrets in Docker containers securely? What are multi-stage builds in Docker, and why are they useful? How do you optimize the size of a Docker image? What happens when you run docker run internally? How do you troubleshoot a failing Docke...

  Terraform Interview FAQs What is Terraform and why do we use it? Terraform is an Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tool used to provision and manage infrastructure across cloud providers in a declarative way. What are Providers in Terraform? Providers are plugins that let Terraform interact with cloud platforms and services (like Azure, AWS, GCP, Kubernetes). What is a Terraform Module? A module is a container for multiple resources that are used together. It promotes reusability and better organization. What is the difference between terraform plan and terraform apply ? terraform plan : Shows the execution plan (what will change). terraform apply : Actually applies the changes. What is the Terraform State file? It’s a file ( terraform.tfstate ) that keeps track of resources Terraform manages. It maps real infrastructure to your configuration. Why do we use Remote State in Terraform? To share the state among teams, enable collaboration, and avoid confli...